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A Brief History Of How Bombay Became Mumbai

View of the Gateway of India from the sea. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
View of the Gateway of India from the sea. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India | Photo by Renzo D'souza on Unsplash

The city’s controversial renaming to Mumbai from Bombay is something a lot of us haven’t truly processed yet. On one hand, it is only habit for a lot of the city to interchangeably use Mumbai and Bombay, but on the other hand nearly everyone is aware of the various political sentiments attached to the use of either name. And so is everyone aware of the occasional cases where addressing the city by its outdated name has sparked violent outbursts. Leaving aside all the controversy, the history of the city’s name change(s) is quite fascinating itself.

The city’s earliest recorded names are said to be Kakamuchee and Galajunkja, versions of which are still considered to be in use. However, the city was referred to as Manbai in the Mirat-i-Ahmadi, a historical text on Gujarat dating back to 1507 written in Persian by Ali Muhammad Khan. In Lendas da Índia or the Legends of India, written in old Portuguese by writer Gaspar Correia, the city was referred to as Bombaim, meaning ‘good bay’. ‘Bombay’ is an anglicized version of the Portuguese name used by the British when they took control of the city in the 17th century. Adding to the confusion, historical records indicate that the city was referred to as Mombayn, Bombay, Bombain, Bombaym, Monbaym, Mombaim, Mombaym, Bambaye, Bombaiim, Bombeye, Boon Bay, and Bon Bahia, among other names at different points in its colonial history!

Bandra–Worli Sea Link. Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

Regardless, ‘Mumbai’ is said to already have been in use in the 16th century by the local Koli fisher-folk community. It is considered to have been derived from the name of the Koli goddess Mumbadevi, considered to be the city’s patron deity and Aai (mother). And so some Marathi, Konkani, Gujarati, and Kannada speakers had been referring to the city as Mumbai even though it was Bambai to Hindi speakers and the rest of the country, and Bombay in official records.

Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai (MCGM) Headquarters, opposite Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus, Mumbai, India

The city’s official name change, to Mumbai from Bombay happened when regional political party Shiv Sena came into power in 1995. The Shiv Sena saw Bombay as a legacy of British colonialism and wanted the city’s name to reflect its Maratha heritage, hence renaming it to pay tribute to the goddess Mumbadevi. However, the name change wasn’t a singular incident specific to Mumbai. It is part of a larger, ongoing wave where places across India have undergone name changes often to rid themselves of names given by the British.

10 best tours and experiences to discover Mumbai

Elephanta Caves & Island Guided Private Tour

Historical Landmark

Elephanta Caves in Mumbai India
Ryosuke Yagi / Shutterstock

Explore the fascinating Elephanta Caves and Island on this private guided tour, where ancient rock-cut temples and sculptures bring Indian mythology to life. Your guide will reveal the rich history and cultural significance of the intricate carvings and sacred spaces within the caves. Wander the serene island, enjoy scenic views, and uncover stories that span centuries. This experience offers a captivating look into India’s artistic heritage in a tranquil island setting.

Dharavi slum tour by the 1st female tour guide of Mumbai's slum

Historical Landmark

Ramshackle huts in Mumbais slum Dharavi
flocu / Shutterstock

Join a unique and inspiring tour of Dharavi, led by Mumbai’s first female slum tour guide. Discover the incredible resilience, creativity, and community spirit that define this vibrant neighborhood. Through her personal insights, you’ll gain a respectful understanding of Dharavi’s industries, culture, and daily life. This tour provides a powerful and intimate look into the lives of residents, celebrating their resourcefulness and offering a fresh perspective on one of Mumbai’s most dynamic areas.

Mumbai City of Dreams Tour in Private Vehicle

Historical Landmark

Iconic Gateway of India in Mumbai, Reflected Perfectly in Water, with a Flock of Birds Soaring Overhead
Studios Allegory / Shutterstock

Uncover the magic of Mumbai, famously known as the City of Dreams, on this private vehicle tour. Explore iconic landmarks, from historic sites to bustling markets, each reflecting the city’s unique blend of tradition and modernity. With a personal guide, experience the charm, culture, and stories that make Mumbai so captivating. This tour provides a comfortable and immersive journey through the city’s must-see spots, perfect for discovering Mumbai’s vibrant spirit.

Mumbai through its Museums with guide and lunch

Historical Landmark

Buddha head carvings on the green grass of the museum.
twabian / Shutterstock

Journey through Mumbai’s rich history and culture on this guided museum tour, complete with a delightful lunch. Discover fascinating exhibits in some of the city’s finest museums, each showcasing art, artifacts, and stories that bring Mumbai’s heritage to life. Your guide will share insights into the city’s evolution, adding depth to each exhibit. This experience offers an engaging way to explore Mumbai’s past and present, all while enjoying local flavors along the way.

Private Guided Walking Tour in Fort & Colaba

Historical Landmark

Wall of Kolaba fort near Alibaug beach, Maharashtra, India.
Raksha Shelare / Shutterstock

Explore the historic charm of Mumbai’s Fort and Colaba districts on this private guided walking tour. Wander through bustling streets lined with colonial architecture, visit iconic landmarks, and soak in the vibrant atmosphere of these neighborhoods. Your guide will share fascinating stories of Mumbai’s past, highlighting cultural and architectural gems at every turn. Perfect for history lovers, this tour provides an intimate, up-close experience of two of the city’s most beloved areas.

Jewish Heritage and Mumbai Highlights Private Full-Day Tour

Historical Landmark

Panoramic closeup image of Gateway of India Mumbai, Maharashtra,
Pritha_EasyArts / Shutterstock

Immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Mumbai’s Jewish heritage and iconic highlights on this private full-day tour. Discover the city’s historical synagogues, vibrant communities, and significant cultural sites, all while learning about their contributions to Mumbai’s diverse history. As you explore, visit essential landmarks that showcase the city’s spirit and charm. This personalized experience blends history and culture, offering a comprehensive view of both Mumbai’s Jewish legacy and its vibrant identity.

Mumbai Bicycle Tour

Historical Landmark

bike in mumbai
Shamoil / unsplash

Experience the bustling energy of Mumbai on an exhilarating bicycle tour that takes you through the city’s vibrant streets and hidden gems. Pedal alongside local markets, historic sites, and scenic waterfronts, gaining unique insights into the diverse neighborhoods. With a knowledgeable guide leading the way, you’ll discover the stories behind iconic landmarks while enjoying the fresh air and local atmosphere. This fun and active adventure is perfect for anyone looking to explore Mumbai from a fresh perspective.

Local Transport & Dabbawallah Tour

Historical Landmark

Typical Indian curry lunch
norikko / Shutterstock

Embark on a fascinating journey through Mumbai’s local transport system and the world-renowned dabbawallahs, known for their efficient lunch delivery service. Experience the hustle and bustle of the city as you navigate its vibrant streets using various modes of transportation, from trains to auto-rickshaws. Learn about the intricate logistics behind the dabbawallahs’ operations, their impact on local life, and the art of delivering thousands of meals daily. This immersive tour offers a unique glimpse into the heart of Mumbai’s daily rhythms.

Mumbai Markets and Temples Tour

Historical Landmark

Sheikh Memon Street in Zaveri Bazaar
Zoshua Colah / unsplash

Discover the vibrant heart of Mumbai on a captivating tour of its bustling markets and sacred temples. Stroll through colorful bazaars, where you can experience the lively atmosphere, sample local snacks, and shop for unique handicrafts. Visit iconic temples that reflect the city’s rich cultural diversity, each with its own fascinating stories and architectural beauty. This immersive journey showcases Mumbai’s blend of spirituality and commerce, offering a unique insight into the city’s daily life and traditions.

Private Guided Walking Tour in Bandra Queen of Suburbs

Historical Landmark

Bollywood
Gustavo Frazao / Shutterstock

Explore Bandra, the Queen of Suburbs, on a private guided walking tour that reveals the area’s unique charm and cultural richness. Stroll through vibrant streets adorned with colorful street art, historic bungalows, and trendy cafes. Your guide will share captivating stories about Bandra’s history, diverse communities, and Bollywood connections. Discover hidden gems, local markets, and beautiful coastal views, all while experiencing the lively atmosphere that makes Bandra a beloved destination in Mumbai.

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