Why Namibia is Africa's Conservation Success Story

Zebras in the Etosha national park.
Zebras in the Etosha national park. | © Rukee Kaakunga
Rukee Kaakunga

When it comes to conservation, Namibia is a leader in Africa. To date, Namibia is one of the only countries in the world that has conservation entrenched in it’s constitution. Conservation is successful in Namibia mainly because communities on grassroots level, and not just governments, are involved.

The history of Namibia’s conservation culture can be traced back to pre-independence years with conservancies like Etosha National Park being one of the first national parks to be proclaimed in Southern Africa. After independence, the new government introduced a wildlife guard system that put locals at the forefront of protecting the wildlife in their areas. In 1999, The Namibian Association of Community Based Natural Resource Management (NASCO or CBNRM) was established. This body gave community members newfound responsibility and power in how conservation is carried out in their areas, allowing them to utilize their natural resources in a sustainable manner with the help of the Namibian government and other private sector players.

An elephant in the Popa Falls Resort in Namibia

Inclusive conservation management

Because of this innovative and inclusive management of its wildlife and natural resources, 42% of Namibian land is currently under some form of conservation management. This is an increase from a mere 13% in 1990.

Thriving wildlife populations

Namibia’s conservation success can be measured in the areas such as the thriving black rhino population despite the animal’s populations dwindling in some other countries. Organisations such as the Cheetah Conservation Fund, the Namibian Dolphin Project, Save The Rhino Trust, the Desert Lion Project and the AfriCat Foundation all meet the Namibian government halfway in safeguarding Namibian wildlife.

Black rhinos in Namibia

Tackling the issue of poaching

One of the biggest challenges that animal conservation faces in Namibia is poaching. The Save the Rhino Trust came up with a solution to the poaching of the endangered black rhino by offering former poachers employment as guards and wildlife trackers. The trust operates on a revenue-sharing system with the local communities – giving locals a sustainable source of employment as opposed to poaching.

Community members end up running some conservancies so well that they do so without donor funding or government assistance.

It has become clear that the people who are best suited to protect and safeguard wildlife and natural resources are those indigenous to the area.

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