How To Celebrate Kanamara Matsuri, Tokyo’s Penis Festival

To explore the wonders of the country, from neon-lit skyscrapers to bamboo forests dotted with ancient temples, join Culture Trip’s curated 12-day trip to Japan.

It may seem incongruous to have a raucous festival celebrating genitalia in Japan, given the country’s reputation for being mild-mannered, discreet and extremely private. However, in Japanese society, there are plenty of opportunities to let your hair down – they just tend to be very clearly delineated. So while you may get wildly drunk at the office nomikai (drinking party) and sing some ill-advised karaoke numbers with your boss, on Monday all will be forgiven and forgotten. And though it’s not generally acceptable to discuss your sex life in public – or even admit to having one – at the Kanamara Matsuri, whole families will show up to celebrate sex, fertility and the creation of life itself.

But there’s a more modern reason for Kanamara Matsuri’s popularity, too. The festival has become an outlet for certain marginalised LGBTQ groups in Japan, who often have to tone down or entirely hide their queer identities – as the infamous Japanese proverb goes, “the nail that sticks out will be hammered down”. Here, fluid gender identities and sexualities across the spectrum are celebrated, the most visible example being the group of cross-dressing men and transwomen who carry one of the portable shrines.

More formally known as the Festival of the Steel Phallus, Kanamara Matsuri is celebrated annually on the first Sunday in April, at Kanayama Shrine in Kawasaki, just south of Tokyo.

Its origins can be traced back to an ancient Japanese legend. As the story goes, a vicious demon hid inside the vagina of a young woman after falling in love with her. Such was this entity’s jealousy that it proceeded to bite off the penises of two young men on two separate wedding nights. In the aftermath of this grisly ordeal, the woman sought help from a blacksmith who fashioned an iron phallus to break the demon’s teeth, which in turn led to the item’s enshrinement at Kanayama Shrine in Kawasaki.

Sex and religion in Japan are by no means exclusive thanks to the flexibility of the Shinto, a form of worship that acknowledges and honours spirits found in nature. The Kanayama Shrine became a focal point for couples who wished to pray for fertility and good fortune in their marriage. From the 17th to the 19th century, sex workers would frequent the site to pray for either protection or cure from sexually transmitted diseases.

It was around this time that the first festivals focussing on sexual health took place at the shrine, but the tradition had fizzled out by the end of the 19th century. It wasn’t until 1970 that the chief priest at the time, Hirohiko Nakamura, decided to resurrect the event, albeit on a fairly small scale, and at night. After about 40 years of this, the popularity of the festival skyrocketed when, in 2012, TV star Matsuko Deluxe – an outspoken advocate of sex positivity and LGBTQ rights – name-checked the festival. By now, it’s a fixture on the festival circuit and sees about 50,000 attendees each year.

Like many Japanese festivals, the main event is a procession of mikoshi (portable shrines). The key difference is that, in this case, the shrines contain a variety of huge phalluses, which you’ll see bobbing over the heads of the crowd as they’re carried along the packed street.

You’ll need to arrive in the morning if you want to grab a good spot – the earlier, the better. The procession heads down the road to Kanayama Shrine, starting around noon, with each mikoshi carried by a group of people in traditional dress. The main attractions are the Kanamara Fune Mikoshi, the Big Kanamara Mikoshi and the Elizabeth Mikoshi. The first two are traditional-style floats – albeit housing huge penises, made of steel and wood respectively – and are impressive enough, but the Elizabeth Float is the uncontested star of the show.

This mikoshi was donated to the event by Elizabeth Kaikan, a drag bar in Tokyo’s Asakusabashi that has been running since the 1980s. It features a large pink phallus, often draped in the ropes (shimenawa) and folded paper (shide) that indicate a holy object in Shintoism, and usually protected by a lacy canopy. The men carrying it – a joyful group that forms the focus of the festival’s celebration of queer culture – cross-dress in bright pink kimono, wigs and make-up.

All the mikoshi start and finish their journey at the entrance to the shrine. The round trip takes well over an hour, so you’ll have plenty of time to visit and snap a picture (after asking permission, of course) with all participants before and after the parade.

Aside from watching the procession, you can enjoy all the traditional festival foods and activities – plus a few that you’ll only find at the Kanamara Matsuri.

On the traditional side, you’ll find delicious dishes such as yakisoba (stir-fried noodles), okonomiyaki (savoury pancakes), takoyaki (fried balls of batter with a piece of octopus inside) and the much-loved choco banana – the chocolate-dipped fruit makes the most of its already phallic shape.

The snacks exclusive to Kanamara Matsuri include penis- and vulva-shaped lollipops in various flavours. These items are probably the most popular (and Instagrammable) treat here, so be sure to buy one early in the day. If you’d rather have a drink, visit the amazake stand, where you’ll be given a small, salty fish to eat before your cup of sweet, milky amazake – apparently, the combination mimics the taste and texture of semen.

For something a little stronger – amazake is very low in alcohol – you can buy a bottle of sake. Some are labelled with the kanji 金玉, others 万古, both plays on words based on the fact that the kanji have several possible pronunciations. The first one means “precious jewels” when pronounced kingyoku, or “testicles” as kintama. The second is “eternity” when pronounced banko, but could also be read as manko, which is slang for vagina.

Once you’ve eaten and drunk your fill, you can enjoy a few of the activities on offer. Perhaps you could try your hand at carving a penis out of a daikon radish, or stop for a photo op on one of the wooden phalluses set up in the shrine grounds. Of course, you could always just go shopping – from keychains to candles, there’s a whole range of themed goods available, and the proceeds go to charity.

The festival is easily accessible by public transport, with the shrine under a five-minute walk from Kawasaki-Daishi Station. From central Tokyo, take the Keikyu Line from Shinagawa Station (which is on the Yamanote Line), and then switch to the Keikyu-Dashi Line at Keikyu-Kawasaki Station. The whole trip takes less than an hour, but will not be covered by a JR Pass.

Need a break? Check out these top parks in Tokyo, or discover some of the best cafes in the city.

Did you know – Culture Trip now does bookable, small-group trips? Pick from authentic, immersive Epic Trips, compact and action-packed Mini Trips and sparkling, expansive Sailing Trips.

This article is an updated version of a story created by Lucy Dayman.