Innovative Indian Architects You Should Know

Achyut Kanvinde, who also worked with modernist Walter Gropius, dealt in proportional geometry, economical shapes, steel frames and reinforced concrete. His work provides ample practicality in the Indian climate and expresses social change. At IIT Kanpur, elevated walkways permit shaded paths and connect discrete areas of activity. At Dughsagar, the iconic dairy is of a uniformly white and purely functional shape – it reflects the non-elitist ‘white revolution’ in milk that the dairy cooperative initiated.

Before practicing in India, Doshi worked with modernist and contemporary giants, Le Corbusier and Louis Kahn. Doshi retains that modernist edge but with a distinct Indian spirit. Sangath is a modernist yet earthy idyll, with soothing white vaults and free-standing pots set against lush green lawns. The National Institute of Fashion Technology, on the other hand, interprets the Ahmedabadi baori – or step-well – alongside modernist steel and concrete.

At the frontier of contemporary Indian architecture, Charles Correa was very adept at sensitively meeting needs and preserving history. At Kanchanjunga Apartments, flats reconcile courtyards and the connected spaces of traditional living with the urban context of an apartment building. Indian values, for connecting pathways and history, abide deeply in his work, even without apparent reference, as in the glorious sweeping lines of the Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown in Lisbon.

Contemporary, unabashedly in favor of glamorous buildings, slated by critics as unoriginal yet enthusiastically sought after by public and private projects alike – Hafeez Contractor is definitively one of the most controversial forces shaping the skylines of contemporary urban India. His works are usually monumental homages to high-rise steel. However, he has also worked in other styles, as can be seen in the Global Education Centre in Mysore that combines the classical symmetry, domes and columns of Mysore palaces with Doric architecture.

An Englishman who gained Indian citizenship, Laurie Baker had a deep respect for the understanding of spaces stored in Indian architectural methods. Because of his value for vernacular, organic and sustainable architecture, he made use of traditional techniques and materials whilst also devising new ones. Through these, he would shade places from heat, permit sunlight and ventilation, minimize materials and always provide unparalleled aesthetic beauty. He worked with brick jaali walls, Mangalorean clay tiles, plaited palm thatches, ponds, courtyards and curved roofs and walls to revolutionize the Indian landscape.

Also a potte and friend and colleague to Frank Lloyd Wright, Nari Gandhi has a hands-on, tactile, craftsman-like approach to architecture. His first reaction was always to the specificity of the site. Each work is like a jeweled fairyland of earth, stone, shape and color. He is known for striking innovations such as stacking pots to create an archway, or creating a staircase from brick.

Raj Rewal is another sophisticated exponent of the Indian vernacular. He often turns to ancient Indian cities and townships like Fatehpur Sikri for inspiration. We see this in his Asian games village. Its courtyards, gardens and winding streets turn it into a living heritage museum. We also see it in the courts, galleries and level changes of the National Institute for Immunology’s campus. Rewal often builds with sandstone and brick, even going so far as to use glass bricks to permit gentle light.

Sheila Sri Prakash leads the way in maintaining a conversation about environmentally and socio-economically sustainable architecture. She is on a number of national and international advisory committees to consult on how architecture, its materials and processes, relate to human behavior and the environment. Her designs often include green spaces and forms that can shelter from heat and rain, let in sunlight and maximize the flow of air. She is also interested in finding creative solutions to the pressing needs of India’s rising urban population, whilst always retaining the cultural heritage of the places she builds for.